Kidney failure, also known as renal failure, occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood effectively. This serious health condition can be acute or chronic, leading to severe complications if not managed properly. In the United States, chronic kidney disease affects an estimated 37 million adults (approximately 15% of U.S. adults), with higher prevalence in older adults and people with diabetes or high blood pressure (source: National Kidney Foundation). It is essential to understand the kidney failure symptoms, what causes kidney failure, and the stages involved in this medical condition.

Understanding Kidney Failure

Kidney failure can manifest in two primary forms: acute renal failure and chronic kidney disease. Acute renal failure occurs suddenly and can often be reversed with prompt medical intervention, while chronic kidney disease progresses over time and can lead to end-stage kidney disease if not managed.

Kidney Failure Symptoms

Recognizing the symptoms in kidney failure is crucial for timely treatment. Common kidney failure symptoms include:

• Fatigue and weakness
• Reduced urine output
• Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet
• Shortness of breath
• Nausea and vomiting

Kidney Failure What Causes

Several factors can contribute to kidney failure. Chronic conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure are among the most frequent causes. Other potential triggers include:

• Glomerulonephritis
• Polycystic kidney disease
• Infections
• Toxic substances or medications

Kidney Failure Stages

Kidney failure is categorized into several stages, each reflecting the severity of the condition. The stages include:

• Stage 1: Slight damage with normal kidney function (eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m²)
• Stage 2: Mild damage with mild decrease in kidney function (eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m²)
• Stage 3: Moderate damage with significant decrease in function (eGFR 30–59 mL/min/1.73 m²)
• Stage 4: Severe damage with very low kidney function (eGFR 15–29 mL/min/1.73 m²)
• Stage 5: Complete kidney failure or end-stage renal disease (eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m²)

(eGFR staging ranges from the National Kidney Foundation)

Managing Kidney Failure

Management of kidney failure depends on its cause and severity. Treatments may include medications, lifestyle changes, or dialysis in advanced cases. Regular check-ups and lab tests are essential for monitoring kidney function. This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice; readers should consult a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment decisions.

Support and Resources

For those dealing with kidney failure, support resources are available including financial assistance. Individuals can explore options for grants and support networks at organizations like National Kidney Foundation.

Understanding the complexity of kidney failure, its symptoms, causes, and stages is vital for effective management. Being aware of the kidney failure symptoms can help in seeking timely medical advice, and knowing what causes kidney failure can guide preventive measures. Proper management can significantly improve the quality of life for those affected.